China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 17
The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864, was led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus; it was one of the deadliest wars in history, and tens of millions died, mostly from famine and disease.
Who acts: Hong, Taiping, Treaty, tens · What happens: lead, believe, be, die · To what, where: Taiping, younger brother, one, famine · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hong, Taiping, Treaty, tens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Taiping | det |
| 2 | Taiping | taiping | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 led | nsubj |
| 3 | Rebellion | Rebellion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Taiping | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 1850 | punct |
| 5 | 1850 | 1850 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 Rebellion | nmod |
| 6 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 1864 | punct |
| 7 | 1864 | 1864 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 1850 | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Taiping | punct |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 led | aux:pass |
| 10 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 Hong | case |
| 12 | Hong | Hong | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 led | obl:agent |
| 13 | Xiuquan | Xiuquan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Hong | flat |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 believed | punct |
| 15 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 believed | nsubj |
| 16 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 Hong | acl:relcl |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 brother | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 brother | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 brother | det |
| 20 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 brother | amod |
| 21 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 believed | ccomp |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Jesus | case |
| 23 | Jesus | Jesus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 brother | nmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 one | punct |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 one | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 one | cop |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 led | parataxis |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 wars | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 wars | det |
| 30 | deadliest | deadly | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 wars | amod |
| 31 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 one | nmod |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 history | case |
| 33 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 wars | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 died | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 died | cc |
| 36 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 died | nsubj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 millions | case |
| 38 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 tens | nmod |
| 39 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 led | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 died | punct |
| 41 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 43 famine | advmod |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 famine | case |
| 43 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 died | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 disease | cc |
| 45 | disease | disease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 famine | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 led | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past · passive | Hong | the Taiping | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | believe | past | Hong | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | Taiping | the younger brother | of Jesus | tree rules | |||
| 4 | is a | past | Treaty | one | of the deadliest wars in history | tree rules | |||
| 5 | die | past | tens of millions | famine and disease | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from famine=Causer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/17/