China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 21
The Boxers, named after the martial arts they practised, attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians in 1899–1901; some believed their rituals made them bulletproof, and in 1900 the armies of eight foreign countries took Beijing.
Who acts: Boxers, some, rituals, armies · What happens: name, practise, attack, believe, make, take · To what, where: Boxers, martial arts, foreigners, 1899, Beijing, 1900 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boxers, some, rituals, armies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Boxers | det |
| 2 | Boxers | boxer | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 attacked | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 named | punct |
| 4 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 Boxers | acl |
| 5 | after | after | ADP | _ | 8 arts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 arts | det |
| 7 | martial | martial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 arts | amod |
| 8 | arts | art | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 named | obl |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 practised | nsubj |
| 10 | practised | practise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 arts | acl:relcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 foreigners | punct |
| 12 | attacked | attack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | foreigners | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 attacked | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Christians | cc |
| 15 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 Christians | amod |
| 16 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 foreigners | conj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 1899 | case |
| 18 | 1899 | 1899 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 attacked | obl |
| 19 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 1901 | punct |
| 20 | 1901 | 1901 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 1899 | nmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 believed | punct |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 believed | nsubj |
| 23 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 attacked | parataxis |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 rituals | nmod:poss |
| 25 | rituals | ritual | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 made | nsubj |
| 26 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 believed | ccomp |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 made | obj |
| 28 | bulletproof | bulletproof | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 made | xcomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 took | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 1900 | cc |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 1900 | case |
| 32 | 1900 | 1900 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 took | obl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 armies | det |
| 34 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 took | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 countries | case |
| 36 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 countries | nummod |
| 37 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 countries | amod |
| 38 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 armies | nmod |
| 39 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 attacked | conj |
| 40 | Beijing | Beijing | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 took | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 attacked | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | name | participle | the Boxers not said here | after the martial arts | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | practise | past | Boxers = boxer | the martial arts not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | attack | past | the Boxers | foreigners and Chinese Christians | 1899 1901 | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foreigner=Patient | |||
| 4 | believe | past | some | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | make | past | Boxers's rituals | Boxers = boxer | bulletproof property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | |||
| 6 | take | past | the armies of eight foreign countries | Beijing | 1900 | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent beijing=Value in 1900=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/21/