China: modern China, space and contested topics, sentence 10
The World Bank estimates that more than 800 million people in China left extreme poverty since 1980; in 2021 the government declared extreme poverty ended by its own measure, though by the measures used for richer countries many people are still poor.
Who acts: World Bank, million people, government, many people · What happens: estimate, leave, declare, end, use, be · To what, where: extreme poverty, 2021, measures
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: modern China, space and contested topics» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (World Bank, million people, government, many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Bank | det |
| 2 | World | World | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Bank | compound |
| 3 | Bank | Bank | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 estimates | nsubj |
| 4 | estimates | estimate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 left | mark |
| 6 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 9 million | advmod |
| 7 | than | than | ADP | _ | 6 more | fixed |
| 8 | 800 | 800 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 million | compound |
| 9 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 people | nummod |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 left | nsubj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 China | case |
| 12 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 people | nmod |
| 13 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 estimates | ccomp |
| 14 | extreme | extreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 poverty | amod |
| 15 | poverty | poverty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 left | obj |
| 16 | since | since | ADP | _ | 17 1980 | case |
| 17 | 1980 | 1980 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 left | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 declared | punct |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 2021 | case |
| 20 | 2021 | 2021 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 declared | obl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 government | det |
| 22 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 declared | nsubj |
| 23 | declared | declare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 left | conj |
| 24 | extreme | extreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 poverty | amod |
| 25 | poverty | poverty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 declared | obj |
| 26 | ended | end | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 poverty | acl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 measure | case |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 measure | nmod:poss |
| 29 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 measure | amod |
| 30 | measure | measure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 ended | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 poor | punct |
| 32 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 44 poor | mark |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 measures | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 measures | det |
| 35 | measures | measure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 poor | obl |
| 36 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 measures | acl |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 countries | case |
| 38 | richer | rich | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 countries | amod |
| 39 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 used | obl |
| 40 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 people | amod |
| 41 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 poor | nsubj |
| 42 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 poor | cop |
| 43 | still | still | ADV | _ | 44 poor | advmod |
| 44 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 declared | advcl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 estimates | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | estimate | present | the World Bank | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Value | |||||
| 2 | leave | past | million people in China | extreme poverty | since 1980 | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poverty=Theme | |||
| 3 | declare speech: other | past | the government | extreme poverty | 2021 | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poverty=Attribute | |||
| 4 | end | participle | extreme poverty not said here | by government's own measure | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | use | participle | the measures not said here | for richer countries | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | is | present | many people | still | by the measures; poor property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | measure | government | nom measure «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:059-china-modern-china-space-and-contested-topics.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/59-china-modern-china-space-and-contested-topics/10/