China: modern China, space and contested topics, sentence 16
Taiwan has been governed separately since 1949 by the Republic of China, with its own elected government; the People's Republic considers it part of China, and most countries do not formally recognise Taiwan as a state but keep informal ties.
Who acts: Republic, life, most countries · What happens: govern, elect, consider, part, not recognise, keep · To what, where: Taiwan, informal ties
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: modern China, space and contested topics» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Republic, life, most countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taiwan | Taiwan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 governed | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 governed | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 governed | aux:pass |
| 4 | governed | govern | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | separately | separately | ADV | _ | 4 governed | advmod |
| 6 | since | since | ADP | _ | 7 1949 | case |
| 7 | 1949 | 1949 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 governed | obl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 Republic | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Republic | det |
| 10 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 governed | obl:agent |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 China | case |
| 12 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Republic | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 government | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 government | case |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 government | nmod:poss |
| 16 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 government | amod |
| 17 | elected | elect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 government | amod |
| 18 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Republic | appos |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 considers | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 People | det |
| 21 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 Republic | nmod:poss |
| 22 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 21 People | case |
| 23 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 considers | nsubj |
| 24 | considers | consider | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 governed | conj |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 part | nsubj |
| 26 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 considers | xcomp |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 China | case |
| 28 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 part | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 recognise | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 recognise | cc |
| 31 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 32 countries | amod |
| 32 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 recognise | nsubj |
| 33 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 recognise | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 recognise | advmod |
| 35 | formally | formally | ADV | _ | 36 recognise | advmod |
| 36 | recognise | recognise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 governed | conj |
| 37 | Taiwan | Taiwan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 recognise | obj |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 40 state | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 state | det |
| 40 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 recognise | obl |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 keep | cc |
| 42 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 recognise | conj |
| 43 | informal | informal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 ties | amod |
| 44 | ties | tie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 keep | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 governed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | govern | present · perfect · passive | the Republic of China | Taiwan | since 1949 | separately property | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||
| 2 | elect | participle | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | consider | present | the People's Republic | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | part | life | of China | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | not recognise | present · do-support | most countries | Taiwan | as a state; formally property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer taiwan=Stimulus as state=Attribute | |||
| 6 | keep | infinitive | most countries not said here | informal ties | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tie=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:059-china-modern-china-space-and-contested-topics.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/59-china-modern-china-space-and-contested-topics/16/