Ancient Egypt: pyramids, mummies and hieroglyphs, sentence 8

The pyramids were built by paid workers and farmers taking turns, who lived in a nearby town; not by slaves, and certainly not by aliens.

Who acts: paid workers · What happens: build, pay, take, live · To what, where: pyramids, turns, nearby town

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient Egypt: pyramids, mummies and hieroglyphs» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (paid workers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pyramids	det
2	pyramids	pyramid	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 built	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 built	aux:pass
4	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 workers	case
6	paid	pay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 workers	amod
7	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 built	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 farmers	cc
9	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 workers	conj
10	taking	take	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 workers	acl
11	turns	turn	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 taking	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 lived	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 lived	nsubj
14	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 workers	acl:relcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 town	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 town	det
17	nearby	nearby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 town	amod
18	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lived	obl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 slaves	punct
20	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 slaves	advmod
21	by	by	ADP	_	22 slaves	case
22	slaves	slave	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 town	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 aliens	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 aliens	cc
25	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	28 aliens	advmod
26	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 aliens	advmod
27	by	by	ADP	_	28 aliens	case
28	aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 built	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 built	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	build	past · passive	paid workers and farmers	the pyramids		by aliens	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product
2	pay	participle					vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	take	gerund	paid workers and farmers not said here	turns			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Theme
4	live	past	paid workers and farmers		a nearby town and slaves		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:006-ancient-egypt-pyramids-mummies-and-hieroglyphs.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/6-ancient-egypt-pyramids-mummies-and-hieroglyphs/8/