China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China, sentence 11
China invented many things, including paper, printing, the compass, gunpowder, porcelain, silk, paper money and the seismoscope; but not everything: the alphabet came from the Middle East, the number zero from India and the working steam engine from Britain.
Who acts: China, everything · What happens: invent, come, work · To what, where: many things, Middle East
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (China, everything), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 invented | nsubj |
| 2 | invented | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 things | amod |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 invented | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 paper | punct |
| 6 | including | include | ADP | _ | 7 paper | case |
| 7 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 things | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 printing | punct |
| 9 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 paper | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 compass | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 compass | det |
| 12 | compass | compass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 printing | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 gunpowder | punct |
| 14 | gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 compass | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 porcelain | punct |
| 16 | porcelain | porcelain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 compass | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 silk | punct |
| 18 | silk | silk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 compass | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 money | punct |
| 20 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 money | compound |
| 21 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 silk | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 seismoscope | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 seismoscope | det |
| 24 | seismoscope | seismoscope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 money | conj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 came | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 2 invented | cc |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 everything | advmod |
| 28 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 32 came | nsubj |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 32 came | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 alphabet | det |
| 31 | alphabet | alphabet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 came | nsubj |
| 32 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 invented | parataxis |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 East | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 East | det |
| 35 | Middle | Middle | PROPN | _ | 36 East | compound |
| 36 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 came | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 number | punct |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 number | det |
| 39 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 came | conj |
| 40 | zero | zero | NUM | NumType=Card | 39 number | appos |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 India | case |
| 42 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 number | nmod |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 engine | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 engine | det |
| 45 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 engine | amod |
| 46 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 engine | compound |
| 47 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 number | conj |
| 48 | from | from | ADP | _ | 49 Britain | case |
| 49 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 engine | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 invented | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | past | China | many things | include paper and printing and the compass and gunpowder and porcelain and silk paper money and the seismoscope | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Result | |||
| 2 | come | past | everything | the Middle East | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from east=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | work | gerund | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:060-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/11/