Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses, sentence 5

Hassan's Moroccan gran laughs at his toy truck because in North Africa people once swapped carts for camels, which needed no roads and could cross sand.

Who acts: Moroccan gran, people, camels · What happens: laugh, swap, need, cross · To what, where: toy truck, carts, North Africa, roads, sand

This is a sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moroccan gran, people, camels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hassan	Hassan	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 gran	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Hassan	case
3	Moroccan	moroccan	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gran	amod
4	gran	gran	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 laughs	nsubj
5	laughs	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 truck	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 truck	nmod:poss
8	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 truck	compound
9	truck	truck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 laughs	obl
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 swapped	mark
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 Africa	case
12	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Africa	compound
13	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 swapped	obl
14	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 swapped	nsubj
15	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	16 swapped	advmod
16	swapped	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 laughs	advcl
17	carts	cart	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 swapped	obj
18	for	for	ADP	_	19 camels	case
19	camels	camel	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 swapped	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 needed	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 needed	nsubj
22	needed	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 camels	acl:relcl
23	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	24 roads	det
24	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 needed	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 cross	cc
26	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 cross	aux
27	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 needed	conj
28	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cross	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 laughs	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	laugh	present	Hassan's Moroccan gran		gran's toy truck		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	swap	past	people	carts	North Africa	for camels; once property	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent cart=Theme for camel=Co-Theme
3	need	past	camels	no roads			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot road=Theme
4	cross	could	camels not said here	sand			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/5/