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Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other, sentence 13

Writing was invented separately in Mesopotamia about 5,200 years ago, in China over 3,000 years ago, and in Mexico and Central America over 2,000 years ago; whether Egypt's writing was separate is debated.

Who acts: writing, Egypt · What happens: invent, be, debate, write · To what, where: Writing, Mesopotamia

This is a sentence of the lesson «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (writing, Egypt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubj:passaux:passadvmodcaseobladvmodnummodobl:unmarkedadvmodpunctcaseobladvmodnummodobl:unmarkedadvmodpunctcccaseoblcccompoundconjadvmodnummodobl:unmarkedadvmodpunctmarknmod:posscasensubjcopcsubj:passaux:passconjpunctrootWritingNOUNwasAUXinventedVERBseparatelyADVinADPMesopotamiaPROPNaboutADV5,200NUMyearsNOUNagoADV,PUNCTinADPChinaPROPNoverADV3,000NUMyearsNOUNagoADV,PUNCTandCCONJinADPMexicoPROPNandCCONJCentralPROPNAmericaPROPNoverADV2,000NUMyearsNOUNagoADV;PUNCTwhetherSCONJEgyptPROPN'sPARTwritingNOUNwasAUXseparateADJisAUXdebatedVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WritingwritingNOUNNumber=Sing3 inventednsubj:pass
2wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 inventedaux:pass
3inventedinventVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
4separatelyseparatelyADV_3 inventedadvmod
5ininADP_6 Mesopotamiacase
6MesopotamiaMesopotamiaPROPNNumber=Sing3 inventedobl
7aboutaboutADV_8 5,200advmod
85,2005,200NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card9 yearsnummod
9yearsyearNOUNNumber=Plur10 agoobl:unmarked
10agoagoADV_3 inventedadvmod
11,,PUNCT_13 Chinapunct
12ininADP_13 Chinacase
13ChinaChinaPROPNNumber=Sing3 inventedobl
14overoverADV_15 3,000advmod
153,0003,000NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card16 yearsnummod
16yearsyearNOUNNumber=Plur17 agoobl:unmarked
17agoagoADV_3 inventedadvmod
18,,PUNCT_21 Mexicopunct
19andandCCONJ_21 Mexicocc
20ininADP_21 Mexicocase
21MexicoMexicoPROPNNumber=Sing3 inventedobl
22andandCCONJ_24 Americacc
23CentralCentralPROPNNumber=Sing24 Americacompound
24AmericaAmericaPROPNNumber=Sing21 Mexicoconj
25overoverADV_26 2,000advmod
262,0002,000NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card27 yearsnummod
27yearsyearNOUNNumber=Plur28 agoobl:unmarked
28agoagoADV_3 inventedadvmod
29;;PUNCT_37 debatedpunct
30whetherwhetherSCONJ_35 separatemark
31EgyptEgyptPROPNNumber=Sing33 writingnmod:poss
32's'sPART_31 Egyptcase
33writingwritingNOUNNumber=Sing35 separatensubj
34wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 separatecop
35separateseparateADJDegree=Pos37 debatedcsubj:pass
36isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin37 debatedaux:pass
37debateddebateVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass3 inventedconj
38..PUNCT_3 inventedpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
narrate
voice
narrator
polarity
neg
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1inventpast · passiveWritingMesopotamiain China; in Mexico and Central America; ago, separately propertyvn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2ispastEgypt's writingseparate propertytree rules
3debatepresent · passivevn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»
4writeEgyptnom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:063-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/13/