Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day, sentence 15
In 1796 Edward Jenner used cowpox to protect people from smallpox; earlier, people in China, India, Africa and the Ottoman Empire used a riskier method, and an enslaved African man, Onesimus, told Boston doctors about it in 1721.
Who acts: Edward, people, enslaved African man · What happens: use, protect, enslave, tell · To what, where: cowpox, 1796, people, riskier method, Boston doctors, 1721 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Edward, people, enslaved African man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1796 | case |
| 2 | 1796 | 1796 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 used | obl |
| 3 | Edward | edward | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 used | nsubj |
| 4 | Jenner | jenner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Edward | flat |
| 5 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | cowpox | cowpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 used | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 protect | mark |
| 8 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 used | advcl |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 protect | obj |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 smallpox | case |
| 11 | smallpox | smallpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 protect | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 people | punct |
| 13 | earlier | early | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 used | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 earlier | punct |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 used | nsubj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 China | case |
| 17 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 people | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 India | punct |
| 19 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 China | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Africa | punct |
| 21 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 China | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Empire | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Empire | det |
| 24 | Ottoman | ottoman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 Empire | compound |
| 25 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 China | conj |
| 26 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 used | parataxis |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 method | det |
| 28 | riskier | risky | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 method | amod |
| 29 | method | method | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 used | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 told | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 told | cc |
| 32 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 man | det |
| 33 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 man | amod |
| 34 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 man | amod |
| 35 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 told | nsubj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Onesimus | punct |
| 37 | Onesimus | Onesimus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 man | appos |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 man | punct |
| 39 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 used | conj |
| 40 | Boston | Boston | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 doctors | compound |
| 41 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 told | iobj |
| 42 | about | about | ADP | _ | 43 it | case |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 told | obl |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 1721 | case |
| 45 | 1721 | 1721 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 told | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | Edward | cowpox | 1796 | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cowpox=Patient | |||
| 2 | protect | to-infinitive | Edward not said here | people | from smallpox | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary from smallpox=Theme | |||
| 3 | use | past | people in China and India and Africa and the Ottoman Empire | a riskier method | early property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent method=Patient | |||
| 4 | enslave | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | past | a enslaved African man | Boston doctors | 1721 | about method | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent doctor=Recipient about it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:065-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/15/