From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries, sentence 4
What really happened: real empires needed roads, messengers, governors, taxes and soldiers, many let local rulers stay, and most broke up when ruling got too hard.
Who acts: real empires, many, local rulers, most · What happens: happen, need, let, stay, break up, rule · To what, where: real empires, roads
This is a sentence of the lesson «From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (real empires, many, local rulers, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 happened | nsubj |
| 2 | really | really | ADV | _ | 3 happened | advmod |
| 3 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 empires | punct |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 empires | amod |
| 6 | empires | empire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 happened | obj |
| 7 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 empires | acl |
| 8 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 needed | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 messengers | punct |
| 10 | messengers | messenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 roads | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 governors | punct |
| 12 | governors | governor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 roads | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 taxes | punct |
| 14 | taxes | tax | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 roads | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 soldiers | cc |
| 16 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 roads | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 let | punct |
| 18 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 let | nsubj |
| 19 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 needed | parataxis |
| 20 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 rulers | amod |
| 21 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 stay | nsubj |
| 22 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 let | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 broke | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 broke | cc |
| 25 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 26 broke | nsubj |
| 26 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 happened | conj |
| 27 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 broke | compound:prt |
| 28 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 got | advmod |
| 29 | ruling | rule | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 got | nsubj |
| 30 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 broke | advcl |
| 31 | too | too | ADV | _ | 32 hard | advmod |
| 32 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 got | advmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | real empires | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | need | participle | real empires not said here | roads and messengers and governors and taxes and soldiers | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot road=Theme | ||||
| 3 | let | infinitive | many | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | stay | infinitive | local rulers | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | break up | past | most | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | rule | gerund | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | get | past | hard property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:066-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/4/