Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time, sentence 15

Britain started income tax in 1799 to pay for wars against Napoleon; it was dropped and brought back several times and became permanent.

Who acts: Britain · What happens: start, pay, drop, bring back, become · To what, where: income tax, 1799, tax

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Britain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 started	nsubj
2	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	income	income	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tax	compound
4	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 started	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 1799	case
6	1799	1799	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 started	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 pay	mark
8	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 started	advcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 wars	case
10	wars	war	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pay	obl
11	against	against	ADP	_	12 Napoleon	case
12	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 wars	nmod
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 dropped	punct
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 dropped	nsubj:pass
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 dropped	aux:pass
16	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 started	parataxis
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 brought	cc
18	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 dropped	conj
19	back	back	ADV	_	18 brought	advmod
20	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 times	amod
21	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 brought	obl:unmarked
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 became	cc
23	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 dropped	conj
24	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 became	xcomp
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 started	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	past	Britain	income tax	1799			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Eventuality
2	pay	to-infinitive	Britain not said here				for wars against Napoleon	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for war=Theme
3	drop	past · passive		tax				vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	bring back	participle				time		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent
5	become	past					permanent property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/15/