Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time, sentence 20

The idea that the accuser must prove the case comes from Roman law and is in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights: innocent until proven guilty.

Who acts: accuser, idea · What happens: prove, come, be · To what, where: case, Roman law, 1948 Universal Declaration

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (accuser, idea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 idea	det
2	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 comes	nsubj
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 prove	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 accuser	det
5	accuser	accuser	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 prove	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 prove	aux
7	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 idea	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 case	det
9	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 prove	obj
10	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 law	case
12	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 law	amod
13	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 comes	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 Declaration	cc
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 Declaration	cop
16	in	in	ADP	_	20 Declaration	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Declaration	det
18	1948	1948	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 Declaration	nummod
19	Universal	universal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 Declaration	amod
20	Declaration	declaration	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 comes	conj
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 Rights	case
22	Human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 Rights	amod
23	Rights	Right	PROPN	Number=Plur	20 Declaration	nmod
24	:	:	PUNCT	_	25 innocent	punct
25	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 Declaration	conj
26	until	until	ADP	_	28 guilty	case
27	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 guilty	amod
28	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 innocent	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 comes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	must	the accuser	the case				vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Theme
2	come	present	the idea		Roman law			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from law=Initial_Location
3	is	present	the idea not said here		the 1948 Universal Declaration		of Human Rights	tree rules
4	be		the idea not said here			until proven guilty		tree rules
5	prove	participle						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:20.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/20/