Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time, sentence 4

Old trials by ordeal were like the coin, asking God to show the truth; witnesses and juries of ordinary people were a fairer way, and they slowly took over.

Who acts: Old trials, witnesses, trials, ordeal · What happens: be, ask, show, take over, try · To what, where: God, truth, fairer way

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old trials, witnesses, trials, ordeal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 trials	amod
2	trials	trial	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 coin	nsubj
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 ordeal	case
4	ordeal	ordeal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trials	nmod
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 coin	cop
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 coin	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 coin	det
8	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 asking	punct
10	asking	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 coin	advcl
11	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 asking	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 show	mark
13	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 asking	xcomp
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 truth	det
15	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 show	obj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 witnesses	punct
17	witnesses	witness	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 coin	conj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 juries	cc
19	juries	jury	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 witnesses	conj
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 people	case
21	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 people	amod
22	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 witnesses	nmod
23	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 way	cop
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 way	det
25	fairer	fair	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	26 way	amod
26	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 witnesses	acl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 took	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 took	cc
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 took	nsubj
30	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	31 took	advmod
31	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 coin	conj
32	over	over	ADP	_	31 took	compound:prt
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 coin	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	Old trials by ordeal			like the coin and witnesses of ordinary people and juries	tree rules
2	ask speech: ask	gerund	Old trials by ordeal not said here		God		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent god=Recipient clause=Topic
3	show not said to happen	to-infinitive	Old trials by ordeal not said here	the truth			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
4	is a	past	witnesses of ordinary people and juries not said here	a fairer way			tree rules
5	take over	past	trials = trial			slowly property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	try		ordeal				nom trial «act transitive»: by=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/4/