Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms, sentence 0
About 4,500 years ago, while the pyramids were being built, great cities stood by the river Indus, in today's Pakistan and northwest India: Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
Who acts: great cities · What happens: build, stand · To what, where: pyramids, Pakistan India
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 4,500 | advmod |
| 2 | 4,500 | 4,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 15 stood | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 ago | punct |
| 6 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 11 built | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 pyramids | det |
| 8 | pyramids | pyramid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 built | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 built | aux:pass |
| 10 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 built | aux:pass |
| 11 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 stood | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 built | punct |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cities | amod |
| 14 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 stood | nsubj |
| 15 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 Indus | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Indus | det |
| 18 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Indus | compound |
| 19 | Indus | indus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stood | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 India | punct |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 India | case |
| 22 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 Pakistan | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 today | case |
| 24 | Pakistan | Pakistan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 India | compound |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 northwest | cc |
| 26 | northwest | northwest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 Pakistan | conj |
| 27 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 stood | obl |
| 28 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 Harappa | punct |
| 29 | Harappa | Harappa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 cities | appos |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 Mohenjo | cc |
| 31 | Mohenjo | Mohenjo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Harappa | conj |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 Mohenjo | punct |
| 33 | daro | daro | X | Foreign=Yes | 29 Harappa | dep |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past · passive | the pyramids | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 2 | stand | past | great cities | Pakistan India | by the river Indus; ago property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by indus=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/0/