Why some places grew rich, sentence 6
In «Guns, Germs and Steel» (1997) Jared Diamond argued that geography, plants and animals gave some regions an early lead; many historians reply that he left out people's choices and politics, so the idea is contested.
Who acts: Jared, geography, many historians · What happens: argue, give, reply, leave out, contest · To what, where: « Guns, early lead, regions, choices, idea · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why some places grew rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jared, geography, many historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Guns | case |
| 2 | « | « | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Guns | compound |
| 3 | Guns | gun | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 argued | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Germs | punct |
| 5 | Germs | germ | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 Guns | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 » | cc |
| 7 | Steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 » | compound |
| 8 | » | » | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Guns | conj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 1997 | punct |
| 10 | 1997 | 1997 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 Guns | nmod |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 1997 | punct |
| 12 | Jared | Jared | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 argued | nsubj |
| 13 | Diamond | Diamond | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Jared | flat |
| 14 | argued | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 gave | mark |
| 16 | geography | geography | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 gave | nsubj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 plants | punct |
| 18 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 geography | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 animals | cc |
| 20 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 plants | conj |
| 21 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 argued | ccomp |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 regions | det |
| 23 | regions | region | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 gave | iobj |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 lead | det |
| 25 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 lead | amod |
| 26 | lead | lead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 gave | obj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 reply | punct |
| 28 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 historians | amod |
| 29 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 reply | nsubj |
| 30 | reply | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 argued | parataxis |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 left | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 left | nsubj |
| 33 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 reply | ccomp |
| 34 | out | out | ADP | _ | 33 left | compound:prt |
| 35 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 choices | nmod:poss |
| 36 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 35 people | case |
| 37 | choices | choice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 left | obj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 politics | cc |
| 39 | politics | politics | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 37 choices | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 contested | punct |
| 41 | so | so | ADV | _ | 45 contested | advmod |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 idea | det |
| 43 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 contested | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 contested | aux:pass |
| 45 | contested | contest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 left | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 argued | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | argue speech: disagree | past | Jared | « Guns 1997 and Germs and Steel » | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | give | past | geography and plants and animals | a early lead | some regions | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent region=Recipient lead=Theme | |||
| 3 | reply speech: assert | present | many historians | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | leave out | past | Jared | people's choices and politics | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent choice=Theme | ||||
| 5 | contest | present · passive | the idea | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:072-why-some-places-grew-rich.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/72-why-some-places-grew-rich/6/