Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 14
The London Underground opened in 1863 as the world's first underground railway; horse-drawn buses had begun in Paris in 1828.
Who acts: London Underground, horse drawn buses · What happens: open, draw, begin · To what, where: 1863, Paris
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (London Underground, horse drawn buses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Underground | det |
| 2 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Underground | compound |
| 3 | Underground | Underground | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1863 | case |
| 6 | 1863 | 1863 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 opened | obl |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 railway | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 world | det |
| 9 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 railway | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 world | case |
| 11 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 railway | amod |
| 12 | underground | underground | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 railway | amod |
| 13 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 opened | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 begun | punct |
| 15 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 buses | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 horse | punct |
| 17 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 buses | amod |
| 18 | buses | bus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 begun | nsubj |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 begun | aux |
| 20 | begun | begin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 opened | parataxis |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 Paris | case |
| 22 | Paris | Paris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 begun | obl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 1828 | case |
| 24 | 1828 | 1828 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 begun | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | the London Underground | 1863 | as the world's first underground railway | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in 1863=Location | |||
| 2 | draw | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | begin | past · perfect | horse drawn buses | Paris | in 1828 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/14/