Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 7
In 2007 more than half of the world's people lived in cities for the first time, and the share is still rising.
Who acts: half, share · What happens: live, rise · To what, where: 2007
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (half, share), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2007 | case |
| 2 | 2007 | 2007 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 lived | obl |
| 3 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 5 half | advmod |
| 4 | than | than | ADP | _ | 3 more | fixed |
| 5 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 11 lived | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 people | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 world | det |
| 8 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 people | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 world | case |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 half | nmod |
| 11 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 cities | case |
| 13 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 lived | obl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 time | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 time | det |
| 16 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 time | amod |
| 17 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lived | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 rising | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 rising | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 share | det |
| 21 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 rising | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 rising | aux |
| 23 | still | still | ADV | _ | 24 rising | advmod |
| 24 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 lived | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | half of the world's people | 2007 | time | in cities | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2007=Location | ||
| 2 | rise | present · progressive | the share | still | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/7/