Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 16
Many cities are trying car-free centres, more bikes and more trees to cool hot streets; some people like it, others worry about shops and getting around, so it is debated.
Who acts: Many cities, people, others · What happens: try, cool, like, worry, get around, debate · To what, where: free centres, hot streets, city
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many cities, people, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 cities | amod |
| 2 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 trying | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 trying | aux |
| 4 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 free | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 free | punct |
| 7 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 centres | amod |
| 8 | centres | centre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 trying | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 bikes | punct |
| 10 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 bikes | amod |
| 11 | bikes | bike | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 centres | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 trees | cc |
| 13 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 trees | amod |
| 14 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 centres | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 cool | mark |
| 16 | cool | cool | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 trying | advcl |
| 17 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 streets | amod |
| 18 | streets | street | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 cool | obj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 trying | punct |
| 20 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 people | det |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 like | nsubj |
| 22 | like | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 trying | parataxis |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 like | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 worry | punct |
| 25 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 worry | nsubj |
| 26 | worry | worry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 trying | parataxis |
| 27 | about | about | ADP | _ | 28 shops | case |
| 28 | shops | shop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 worry | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 getting | cc |
| 30 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 worry | parataxis |
| 31 | around | around | ADV | _ | 30 getting | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 debated | punct |
| 33 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 debated | advmod |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 debated | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 debated | aux:pass |
| 36 | debated | debate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 trying | parataxis |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 trying | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | try | present · progressive | Many cities | free centres and more bikes and more trees | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent centre=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | cool | to-infinitive | Many cities not said here | hot streets | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent street=Patient | ||||
| 3 | like | present | some people | city | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | worry | present | others | about shops | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus what S»: agent=Experiencer about shop=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | get around | gerund | around property | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | debate | present · passive | city | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/16/