Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 5

The world's biggest city has changed many times: from Mesopotamian cities like Uruk, to Rome, to Chinese cities like Chang'an, to Baghdad, to Beijing, to London from about 1825 to 1925, then to New York and later Tokyo.

Who acts: biggest city · What happens: change · To what, where: London, Mesopotamian cities

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (biggest city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 world	det
2	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 city	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 world	case
4	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 city	amod
5	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 changed	nsubj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 changed	aux
7	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 times	amod
9	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 changed	obl:unmarked
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 cities	punct
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 cities	case
12	Mesopotamian	mesopotamian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 cities	amod
13	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 changed	obl
14	like	like	ADP	_	15 Uruk	case
15	Uruk	Uruk	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 cities	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 Rome	punct
17	to	to	ADP	_	18 Rome	case
18	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Uruk	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 cities	punct
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 cities	case
21	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 cities	amod
22	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 changed	obl
23	like	like	ADP	_	24 Chang'an	case
24	Chang'an	Chang'an	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 cities	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 Baghdad	punct
26	to	to	ADP	_	27 Baghdad	case
27	Baghdad	Baghdad	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Chang'an	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 Beijing	punct
29	to	to	ADP	_	30 Beijing	case
30	Beijing	Beijing	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Chang'an	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 London	punct
32	to	to	ADP	_	33 London	case
33	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 changed	obl
34	from	from	ADP	_	36 1825	case
35	about	about	ADV	_	36 1825	advmod
36	1825	1825	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 changed	obl
37	to	to	ADP	_	38 1925	case
38	1925	1925	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	36 1825	nmod
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 York	punct
40	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	43 York	advmod
41	to	to	ADP	_	43 York	case
42	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 York	flat
43	York	York	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 changed	obl
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 Tokyo	cc
45	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	46 Tokyo	advmod
46	Tokyo	Tokyo	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 York	conj
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 changed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present · perfect	the world's biggest city		London	Mesopotamian cities like Uruk and Rome	time	to Chinese cities like Chang'an and Baghdad and Beijing result; from 1825 to 1925; to New York and Tokyo	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from city=Initial_State to city=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/5/