Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?, sentence 10
Some researchers say deaths in wars between countries fell after 1945; others point to recent years with more fighting, like Russia's war on Ukraine since 2014 and its full-scale invasion in 2022, so whether the world is more peaceful is contested.
Who acts: researchers, deaths, others, world, Russia, researcher · What happens: say, fall, point, be, contest, war · To what, where: Ukraine · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (researchers, deaths, others, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 researchers | det |
| 2 | researchers | researcher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | deaths | death | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fell | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 wars | case |
| 6 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 deaths | nmod |
| 7 | between | between | ADP | _ | 8 countries | case |
| 8 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 wars | nmod |
| 9 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 say | ccomp |
| 10 | after | after | ADP | _ | 11 1945 | case |
| 11 | 1945 | 1945 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 fell | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 point | punct |
| 13 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 point | nsubj |
| 14 | point | point | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 say | parataxis |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 years | case |
| 16 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 years | amod |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 point | obl |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 fighting | case |
| 19 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 fighting | amod |
| 20 | fighting | fighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 point | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 war | punct |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 25 war | case |
| 23 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 war | nmod:poss |
| 24 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 23 Russia | case |
| 25 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 fighting | nmod |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 Ukraine | case |
| 27 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 war | nmod |
| 28 | since | since | ADP | _ | 29 2014 | case |
| 29 | 2014 | 2014 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 war | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 invasion | cc |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 invasion | nmod:poss |
| 32 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 scale | amod |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 full | punct |
| 34 | scale | scale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 invasion | compound |
| 35 | invasion | invasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 war | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 2022 | case |
| 37 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 invasion | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 contested | punct |
| 39 | so | so | ADV | _ | 45 peaceful | advmod |
| 40 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 45 peaceful | mark |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 world | det |
| 42 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 peaceful | nsubj |
| 43 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 peaceful | cop |
| 44 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 45 peaceful | advmod |
| 45 | peaceful | peaceful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 contested | csubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 contested | aux:pass |
| 47 | contested | contest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 say | parataxis |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | some researchers | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | fall | past | deaths in wars between countries | after 1945 | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | point | present | others | year | with more fighting like Russia's war on Ukraine since 2014 and researcher's scale invasion in 2022 | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | is | present | the world | peaceful property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | contest | present · passive | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | war | Russia | Ukraine | nom war «act intransitive»: poss=agent on=place | |||||
| 7 | invade | researcher | nom invasion «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:079-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better/10/