Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 6

That little circle is one of the cleverest ideas ever, and it reached Europe through Arab scholars, which is why people wrongly call the digits Arabic.

Who acts: little circle, circle, people · What happens: be, reach, call · To what, where: one, Europe, Arab scholars, digits · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little circle, circle, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 circle	det
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 circle	amod
3	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 one	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 one	cop
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 ideas	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ideas	det
8	cleverest	clever	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 ideas	amod
9	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 one	nmod
10	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 ideas	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 reached	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 reached	cc
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 reached	nsubj
14	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 one	conj
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 reached	obj
16	through	through	ADP	_	18 scholars	case
17	Arab	Arab	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 scholars	amod
18	scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 reached	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 why	punct
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 why	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 why	cop
22	why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	5 one	acl:relcl
23	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 call	nsubj
24	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	_	25 call	advmod
25	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 why	advcl:relcl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 digits	det
27	digits	digit	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 call	obj
28	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 call	xcomp
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 one	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	that little circle	one		of the cleverest ideas	tree rules
2	reach	past	circle	Europe	Arab scholars		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme
3	is	present				why property	tree rules
4	call	present	people	the digits		wrongly property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent digit=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/6/