How writing began: from tally marks and pictures to the alphabet, sentence 1
It is a lovely story, but real writing took thousands of years and many peoples to grow.
Who acts: It, real writing · What happens: be, take, grow · To what, where: lovely story, thousands
This is a sentence of the lesson «How writing began: from tally marks and pictures to the alphabet» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, real writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 story | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 story | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 story | det |
| 4 | lovely | lovely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 story | amod |
| 5 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 took | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 took | cc |
| 8 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 writing | amod |
| 9 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 took | nsubj |
| 10 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 story | conj |
| 11 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 took | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 years | case |
| 13 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 thousands | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 peoples | cc |
| 15 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 peoples | amod |
| 16 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 thousands | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 grow | mark |
| 18 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 peoples | acl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 story | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a lovely story | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | past | real writing | thousands of years and many peoples | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | to-infinitive | real writing not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:082-how-writing-began-from-tally-marks-and-pictures-to-the-alphabet.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/82-how-writing-began-from-tally-marks-and-pictures-to-the-alphabet/1/