Toad's Edwardian England: early motor cars, caravans, steam trains, wash day and gold sovereigns, sentence 11
Many early cars were started by turning a starting handle at the front; it could kick back and hurt the driver's arm, and electric starters only came in from about 1912.
Who acts: handle, electric starters · What happens: start, turn, kick back, hurt, come in · To what, where: Many early cars, starting handle, front, arm, 1912
This is a sentence of the lesson «Toad's Edwardian England: early motor cars, caravans, steam trains, wash day and gold sovereigns» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handle, electric starters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cars | amod |
| 2 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cars | amod |
| 3 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 started | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 started | aux:pass |
| 5 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 turning | mark |
| 7 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 started | advcl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 handle | det |
| 9 | starting | starting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 handle | compound |
| 10 | handle | handle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turning | obj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 front | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 front | det |
| 13 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turning | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 kick | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 kick | nsubj |
| 16 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 kick | aux |
| 17 | kick | kick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 started | parataxis |
| 18 | back | back | ADV | _ | 17 kick | advmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 hurt | cc |
| 20 | hurt | hurt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 kick | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 driver | det |
| 22 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 arm | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 driver | case |
| 24 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hurt | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 came | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 came | cc |
| 27 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 starters | amod |
| 28 | starters | starter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 came | nsubj |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 came | advmod |
| 30 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 started | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADV | _ | 30 came | advmod |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 1912 | case |
| 33 | about | about | ADV | _ | 34 1912 | advmod |
| 34 | 1912 | 1912 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 came | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 started | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past · passive | Many early cars | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | turn | gerund | a starting handle | the front | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent handle=Theme | ||||
| 3 | kick back | could | handle | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | hurt | infinitive | handle not said here | the driver's arm | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer arm=Patient | ||||
| 5 | come in | past | electric starters | 1912 | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from 1912=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:083-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/83-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns/11/