Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 2

A chain from the start of the course: farming gave people food they could store, villages grew into cities, rulers had to count grain, animals and taxes, and so writing began in Sumer.

Who acts: farming, chains, chain, rulers, writing · What happens: give, store, grow, have, count, begin · To what, where: food, people, cities, grain, Sumer, course

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farming, chains, chain, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chain	det
2	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 grew	nsubj
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 start	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 start	det
5	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chain	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 course	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 course	det
8	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 start	nmod
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 gave	punct
10	farming	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gave	nsubj
11	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 chain	parataxis
12	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 gave	iobj
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gave	obj
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 store	nsubj
15	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 store	aux
16	store	store	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 food	acl:relcl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 villages	punct
18	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grew	nsubj
19	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
20	into	into	ADP	_	21 cities	case
21	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grew	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 had	punct
23	rulers	ruler	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 had	nsubj
24	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 grew	conj
25	to	to	PART	_	26 count	mark
26	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 had	xcomp
27	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 count	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 animals	punct
29	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 grain	conj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 taxes	cc
31	taxes	tax	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 animals	conj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 began	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 began	cc
34	so	so	ADV	_	36 began	advmod
35	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 began	nsubj
36	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 grew	conj
37	in	in	ADP	_	38 Sumer	case
38	Sumer	Sumer	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 began	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 chain	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	give	past	farming	food	people			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient food=Theme
2	store	could	chains = chain	food not said here				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
3	grow	past	a chain from the start of the course				into cities result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into city=Result
4	have	past	rulers					tree rules
5	count	to-infinitive	rulers not said here	grain and animals and taxes				vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Theme
6	begin	past	writing			Sumer		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
7	start			the course				nom start «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/2/