Olympiad: spot the anachronism ★★★, sentence 19
Passenger railways began in the 1820s and 1830s, the first cars in 1885–1886, and the first powered aeroplane flew in 1903.
Who acts: Passenger railways, first powered aeroplane · What happens: begin, power, fly · To what, where: 1820s, 1903
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: spot the anachronism ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Passenger railways, first powered aeroplane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Passenger | passenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 railways | compound |
| 2 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1820s | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 1820s | det |
| 6 | 1820s | 1820 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 3 began | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 1830s | cc |
| 8 | 1830s | 1830 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 6 1820s | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cars | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 cars | det |
| 11 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 cars | amod |
| 12 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 1820s | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 1885 | case |
| 14 | 1885 | 1885 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 cars | nmod |
| 15 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 1886 | punct |
| 16 | 1886 | 1886 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 1885 | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 flew | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 flew | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 aeroplane | det |
| 20 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 22 aeroplane | amod |
| 21 | powered | power | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 aeroplane | amod |
| 22 | aeroplane | aeroplane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 flew | nsubj |
| 23 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 1903 | case |
| 25 | 1903 | 1903 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 flew | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Passenger railways | the 1820s and 1830s and the first cars in 1885 1886 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | power | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | fly | past | the first powered aeroplane | 1903 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1903=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:087-olympiad-spot-the-anachronism.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/87-olympiad-spot-the-anachronism/19/