Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall, sentence 11
The Chinese believed Heaven gave a good ruler the right to rule, the Mandate of Heaven, and that floods, famine and rebellion showed a ruler had lost it.
Who acts: Chinese, Heaven, floods, ruler · What happens: believe, give, rule, show, lose, mandate · To what, where: right, good ruler, Heaven · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese, Heaven, floods, ruler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Chinese | det |
| 2 | Chinese | Chinese | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 believed | nsubj |
| 3 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Heaven | Heaven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 gave | nsubj |
| 5 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 believed | ccomp |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 ruler | det |
| 7 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ruler | amod |
| 8 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 gave | iobj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 right | det |
| 10 | right | right | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 gave | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 rule | mark |
| 12 | rule | rule | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 right | acl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Mandate | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Mandate | det |
| 15 | Mandate | mandate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 right | appos |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Heaven | case |
| 17 | Heaven | Heaven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Mandate | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 showed | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 showed | cc |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 showed | mark |
| 21 | floods | flood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 showed | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 famine | punct |
| 23 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 floods | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 rebellion | cc |
| 25 | rebellion | rebellion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 famine | conj |
| 26 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 gave | conj |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 ruler | det |
| 28 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 lost | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 lost | aux |
| 30 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 showed | ccomp |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 lost | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | past | the Chinese | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | give | past | Heaven | the right | a good ruler | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent ruler=Recipient right=Theme | |||
| 3 | rule | to-infinitive | Heaven not said here | the right not said here | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | show | past | floods and famine and rebellion | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | lose | past · perfect | a ruler | right | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | mandate | Heaven | nom mandate «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:009-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/11/