Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall, sentence 15
The Great Wall is many walls built over 2,000 years to keep out horse-riding raiders from the north, and most of the stone wall visited today was built by the Ming dynasty about 500 years ago.
Who acts: Great Wall, stone wall, Ming dynasty · What happens: be, build, keep out, visit · To what, where: many walls, riding raiders, north, most
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great Wall, stone wall, Ming dynasty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Wall | det |
| 2 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Wall | amod |
| 3 | Wall | Wall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 walls | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 walls | cop |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 walls | amod |
| 6 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 walls | acl |
| 8 | over | over | ADV | _ | 9 2,000 | advmod |
| 9 | 2,000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 built | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 keep | mark |
| 12 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 built | advcl |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 keep | compound:prt |
| 14 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 riding | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 horse | punct |
| 16 | riding | riding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 raiders | compound |
| 17 | raiders | raider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 keep | obj |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 north | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 north | det |
| 20 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 keep | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 built | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 built | cc |
| 23 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 built | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 wall | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 wall | det |
| 26 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 wall | compound |
| 27 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 most | nmod |
| 28 | visited | visit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 wall | acl:relcl |
| 29 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 visited | obl:unmarked |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 built | aux:pass |
| 31 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 walls | conj |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 dynasty | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 dynasty | det |
| 34 | Ming | Ming | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 dynasty | compound |
| 35 | dynasty | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 built | obl |
| 36 | about | about | ADV | _ | 37 500 | advmod |
| 37 | 500 | 500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 years | nummod |
| 38 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 39 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 31 built | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 walls | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the Great Wall | many walls | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | build | participle | many walls not said here | year | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | keep out | to-infinitive | riding raiders | the north | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer raider=Beneficiary from north=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | visit | past | the stone wall not said here | today | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | build | past · passive | the Ming dynasty | most of the stone wall | ago property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:009-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/15/