Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 14

The w in write, wrong, wrist and wreck was said in Old English and dropped away before r; in water it stands before a vowel, so it stayed.

Who acts: w · What happens: say, drop away, stand, stay · To what, where: w, Old English, r, water · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (w), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 w	det
2	w	w	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 said	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 write	case
4	write	write	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 w	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 wrong	punct
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 wrist	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 wrong	punct
8	wrist	wrist	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 said	nsubj:pass
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 wreck	cc
10	wreck	wreck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wrist	conj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 said	aux:pass
12	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 English	case
14	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 English	amod
15	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 said	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 dropped	cc
17	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 said	conj
18	away	away	ADV	_	17 dropped	advmod
19	before	before	ADP	_	20 r	case
20	r	r	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 dropped	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 stands	punct
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 water	case
23	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 stands	obl
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 stands	nsubj
25	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 said	conj
26	before	before	ADP	_	28 vowel	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 vowel	det
28	vowel	vowel	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 stands	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 stayed	punct
30	so	so	ADV	_	32 stayed	advmod
31	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 stayed	nsubj
32	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 dropped	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 said	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past · passive		the w in write	Old English			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in english=Manner
2	drop away	past			r		away property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before r=Trajectory
3	stand	present	w		water	before a vowel		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location
4	stay	past	w					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/14/