Punctuation that changes meaning, sentence 0

Punctuation marks are the traffic signs of writing: they tell the reader where to stop, pause, ask or shout, and moving one can change the whole meaning.

Who acts: Punctuation marks, marks, moving · What happens: be, tell, stop, pause, ask, shout · To what, where: traffic signs, reader, one, whole meaning · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Punctuation marks, marks, moving), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 marks	compound
2	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 signs	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 signs	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 signs	det
5	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 signs	compound
6	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 writing	case
8	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 signs	nmod
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 signs	punct
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 tell	nsubj
11	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 signs	parataxis
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 reader	det
13	reader	reader	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tell	obj
14	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 stop	advmod
15	to	to	PART	_	16 stop	mark
16	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 tell	ccomp
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 pause	punct
18	pause	pause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 stop	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 ask	punct
20	ask	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 stop	conj
21	or	or	CCONJ	_	22 shout	cc
22	shout	shout	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 ask	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 change	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 change	cc
25	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	28 change	csubj
26	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 moving	obj
27	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 change	aux
28	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 tell	conj
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 meaning	det
30	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 meaning	amod
31	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 change	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 signs	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Punctuation marks	the traffic signs	of writing	tree rules
2	tell speech: assert	present	marks = mark	the reader		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient clause=Topic
3	stop not said to happen	to-infinitive				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	pause	infinitive				vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
5	ask speech: ask	infinitive				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	shout speech: express	infinitive				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	move	gerund		one		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent one=Theme
8	change	can	moving	the whole meaning		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/0/