Punctuation that changes meaning, sentence 10

A pair of commas can put extra words to one side and change who is speaking: "The teacher, said the pupil, is a fool."

Who acts: pair, pupil, teacher · What happens: put, change, speak, say, be · To what, where: extra words, fool · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pair, pupil, teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pair	det
2	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 commas	case
4	commas	comma	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pair	nmod
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 put	aux
6	put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 words	amod
8	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 put	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 side	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 side	nummod
11	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 change	cc
13	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 put	conj
14	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 speaking	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 speaking	aux
16	speaking	speak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 change	ccomp
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 put	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 teacher	punct
19	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 teacher	det
20	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 fool	nsubj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 teacher	punct
22	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 teacher	parataxis
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 pupil	det
24	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 said	nsubj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 fool	punct
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 fool	cop
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 fool	det
28	fool	fool	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	parataxis
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 put	punct
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 put	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	put	can	a pair of commas	extra words	to one side	tree rules
2	change	infinitive	a pair of commas not said here			tree rules
3	speak speech: other	present · progressive				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	say speech: assert in a quote	past	the pupil			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
5	is a in a quote	present	the teacher	a fool		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/10/