Punctuation that changes meaning, sentence 15
"My brother who lives in Leeds is a doctor" (no commas) picks out one of several brothers; "My brother, who lives in Leeds, is a doctor" (commas) just adds a fact about your only brother.
Who acts: brother, doctor, fact · What happens: live, be, pick out, add · To what, where: Leeds, doctor, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, doctor, fact), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 doctor | punct |
| 2 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 brother | nmod:poss |
| 3 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 doctor | nsubj |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 lives | nsubj |
| 5 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 brother | acl:relcl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Leeds | case |
| 7 | Leeds | Leeds | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 lives | obl |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 doctor | cop |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 doctor | det |
| 10 | doctor | doctor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 picks | nsubj |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 doctor | punct |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 commas | punct |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 commas | det |
| 14 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 doctor | appos |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 commas | punct |
| 16 | picks | pick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 picks | compound:prt |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 picks | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 brothers | case |
| 20 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 brothers | amod |
| 21 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 one | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 adds | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 doctor | punct |
| 24 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 brother | nmod:poss |
| 25 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 doctor | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 lives | punct |
| 27 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 lives | nsubj |
| 28 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 brother | acl:relcl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 Leeds | case |
| 30 | Leeds | Leeds | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 lives | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 brother | punct |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 doctor | cop |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 doctor | det |
| 34 | doctor | doctor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ; | parataxis |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 doctor | punct |
| 36 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 37 commas | punct |
| 37 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 ; | appos |
| 38 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 37 commas | punct |
| 39 | just | just | ADV | _ | 40 adds | advmod |
| 40 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 picks | parataxis |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 fact | det |
| 42 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 adds | obj |
| 43 | about | about | ADP | _ | 46 brother | case |
| 44 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 brother | nmod:poss |
| 45 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 brother | amod |
| 46 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 fact | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 picks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live in a quote | present | My brother | Leeds | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in leeds=Location | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | My brother | a doctor | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | pick out | present | a doctor | one of several brothers | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | ||||
| 4 | live in a quote | present | My brother | Leeds | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in leeds=Location | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | My brother | a doctor | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | add speech: assert | present | a fact | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/15/