Punctuation that changes meaning, sentence 17

A dash marks a sudden break or adds extra information, like brackets; a hyphen is shorter and joins words, as in well-known.

Who acts: dash, hyphen · What happens: mark, add, be, join, know · To what, where: sudden break, extra information, words

This is a sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dash, hyphen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dash	det
2	dash	dash	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 marks	nsubj
3	marks	mark	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 break	det
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 break	amod
6	break	break	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 marks	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 adds	cc
8	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 marks	conj
9	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 information	amod
10	information	information	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 adds	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 brackets	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	13 brackets	case
13	brackets	bracket	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 information	nmod
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 shorter	punct
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 hyphen	det
16	hyphen	hyphen	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 shorter	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 shorter	cop
18	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 marks	parataxis
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 joins	cc
20	joins	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 shorter	conj
21	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 joins	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 known	punct
23	as	as	SCONJ	_	27 known	mark
24	in	in	SCONJ	_	27 known	mark
25	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	27 known	advmod
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	25 well	punct
27	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 shorter	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 marks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	mark	present	a dash	a sudden break		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent break=Destination
2	add speech: assert	present	a dash not said here	extra information	like brackets	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Patient
3	is	present	a hyphen		short property	tree rules
4	join	present	a hyphen not said here	words		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
5	know	participle	a hyphen not said here		well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/17/