Punctuation that changes meaning, sentence 3
Pairs of commas decide who said what: "The teacher said the pupil is a fool" and "The teacher, said the pupil, is a fool" swap who gets insulted.
Who acts: Pairs, teacher, pupil · What happens: decide, say, be, swap, insult · To what, where: fool · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pairs, teacher, pupil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 decide | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 commas | case |
| 3 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Pairs | nmod |
| 4 | decide | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 decide | ccomp |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 6 said | obj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 10 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 teacher | det |
| 11 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | parataxis |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 pupil | det |
| 14 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fool | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 fool | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 fool | det |
| 17 | fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | ccomp |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 said | cc |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 teacher | punct |
| 21 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 teacher | det |
| 22 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 said | nsubj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 said | punct |
| 24 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 pupil | det |
| 26 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 fool | nsubj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 pupil | punct |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 fool | cop |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 fool | det |
| 30 | fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 said | ccomp |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 fool | punct |
| 32 | swap | swap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | conj |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 insulted | nsubj |
| 34 | gets | get | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 insulted | aux:pass |
| 35 | insulted | insult | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 swap | acl:relcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 decide | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | present | Pairs of commas | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the teacher | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | the pupil | a fool | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the teacher | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | the pupil | a fool | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | swap | present | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | insult | present · passive | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/3/