The apostrophe war, sentence 0

The apostrophe (') has two jobs: it shows missing letters (it's = it is, don't = do not) and it shows belonging (the dog's bowl); it never makes a plain plural, so "Apple's 40p" on a shop sign is wrong.

Who acts: apostrophe, 40 p · What happens: have, show, be, do, not do, not make · To what, where: two jobs, missing letters, belonging, plain plural

This is a sentence of the lesson «The apostrophe war» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apostrophe, 40 p), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 apostrophe	det
2	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
3	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 apostrophe	punct
4	'	'	PUNCT	_	2 apostrophe	punct
5	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 apostrophe	punct
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 jobs	nummod
8	jobs	job	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 has	obj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 shows	punct
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 shows	nsubj
11	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	parataxis
12	missing	missing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 letters	amod
13	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 shows	obj
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 's	punct
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 's	nsubj
16	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	parataxis
17	=	=	PUNCT	_	16 's	punct
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 is	nsubj
19	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 's	advcl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 is	punct
21	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 is	xcomp
22	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 do	advmod
23	=	=	PUNCT	_	22 n't	punct
24	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 do	ccomp
25	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 do	advmod
26	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 's	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 shows	cc
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 shows	nsubj
29	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	conj
30	belonging	belong	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 shows	obj
31	(	(	PUNCT	_	35 bowl	punct
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 dog	det
33	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 bowl	nmod:poss
34	's	's	PART	_	33 dog	case
35	bowl	bowl	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 belonging	appos
36	)	)	PUNCT	_	35 bowl	punct
37	;	;	PUNCT	_	40 makes	punct
38	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 makes	nsubj
39	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	40 makes	advmod
40	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	parataxis
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 plural	det
42	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 plural	amod
43	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 makes	obj
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	57 wrong	punct
45	so	so	ADV	_	57 wrong	advmod
46	"	"	PUNCT	_	50 p	punct
47	Apple	Apple	PROPN	Number=Sing	50 p	nmod:poss
48	's	's	PART	_	47 Apple	case
49	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	50 p	nummod
50	p	p	NOUN	Number=Sing	57 wrong	nsubj
51	"	"	PUNCT	_	50 p	punct
52	on	on	ADP	_	55 sign	case
53	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	55 sign	det
54	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 sign	compound
55	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 p	nmod
56	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	57 wrong	cop
57	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 makes	advcl
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	the apostrophe	two jobs		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient
2	show	present	apostrophe	missing letters		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Recipient
3	be	present	apostrophe			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	be	present	apostrophe			tree rules
5	do	infinitive	apostrophe not said here			tree rules
6	not do	infinitive	apostrophe not said here			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	show	present	apostrophe	belonging		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent belong=Recipient
8	not make	present	apostrophe	a plain plural		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material plural=Product
9	is	present	Apple's 40 p on a shop sign		wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:015-the-apostrophe-war.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/15-the-apostrophe-war/0/