The apostrophe war, sentence 8
Both James's book and James' book are used; style guides differ, and what matters is being consistent.
Who acts: style guides · What happens: use, differ, matter, be · To what, where: book
This is a sentence of the lesson «The apostrophe war» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (style guides), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Both | both | CCONJ | _ | 2 James | cc:preconj |
| 2 | James | James | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 book | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 James | case |
| 4 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 used | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 book | cc |
| 6 | James | James | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 book | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 6 James | case |
| 8 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 book | conj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 used | aux:pass |
| 10 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 differ | punct |
| 12 | style | style | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 guides | compound |
| 13 | guides | guide | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 differ | nsubj |
| 14 | differ | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 used | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 consistent | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 consistent | cc |
| 17 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 matters | nsubj |
| 18 | matters | matter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 consistent | csubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 consistent | aux |
| 20 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 consistent | cop |
| 21 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 used | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | James's book and James's book | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | differ | present | style guides | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | matter | present | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 4 | is | present · progressive | consistent property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:015-the-apostrophe-war.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/15-the-apostrophe-war/8/