Formal and informal: a mate versus the head teacher, sentence 0
Everyone has at least two ways of talking: informal (relaxed and chatty, for mates and family) and formal (careful and polite, for teachers, strangers and official letters); the style you choose is called your register.
Who acts: Everyone, two ways, you, your · What happens: have, talk, choose, call, register · To what, where: two ways, style · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Formal and informal: a mate versus the head teacher» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Everyone, two ways, you, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 least | case |
| 4 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 two | nmod |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 ways | nummod |
| 6 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 7 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 8 talking | mark |
| 8 | talking | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 ways | acl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 informal | punct |
| 10 | informal | informal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 talking | parataxis |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 relaxed | punct |
| 12 | relaxed | relaxed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 informal | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 chatty | cc |
| 14 | chatty | chatty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 relaxed | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 mates | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 mates | case |
| 17 | mates | mate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 informal | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 family | cc |
| 19 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 mates | conj |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 mates | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 formal | cc |
| 22 | formal | formal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 informal | conj |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 careful | punct |
| 24 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ways | parataxis |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 polite | cc |
| 26 | polite | polite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 careful | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 teachers | punct |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 teachers | case |
| 29 | teachers | teacher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 careful | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 strangers | punct |
| 31 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 teachers | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 letters | cc |
| 33 | official | official | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 letters | amod |
| 34 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 teachers | conj |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 careful | punct |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 called | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 style | det |
| 38 | style | style | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 called | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 40 choose | nsubj |
| 40 | choose | choose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 style | acl:relcl |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 called | aux:pass |
| 42 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 has | parataxis |
| 43 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 register | nmod:poss |
| 44 | register | register | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 called | xcomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Everyone | two ways | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient | ||||
| 2 | talk | gerund | two ways not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | choose | present | you | the style not said here | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent style=Theme | ||||
| 4 | call | present · passive | the style | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | register | your | nom register «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:016-formal-and-informal-a-mate-versus-the-head-teacher.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/16-formal-and-informal-a-mate-versus-the-head-teacher/0/