Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland, sentence 10

Cockney rhyming slang from the East End of London swaps a word for a phrase that rhymes with it: apples and pears means stairs, dog and bone means phone, and butcher's hook means look; often the rhyming word is dropped, as in "have a butcher's".

Who acts: Cockney, phrase, apples, dog, hook · What happens: rhyme, swap, mean, drop, have · To what, where: word, stairs, phone, look, rhyming word, butcher · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cockney, phrase, apples, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cockney	cockney	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 swaps	nsubj
2	rhyming	rhyme	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Cockney	acl
3	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 swaps	nsubj
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 End	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 End	det
6	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 End	compound
7	End	end	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 slang	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 London	case
9	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 End	nmod
10	swaps	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 word	det
12	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 swaps	obj
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 phrase	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 phrase	det
15	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 word	nmod
16	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 rhymes	nsubj
17	rhymes	rhyme	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 phrase	acl:relcl
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 it	case
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 rhymes	obl
20	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 apples	punct
21	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 means	nsubj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 pears	cc
23	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 apples	conj
24	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 swaps	parataxis
25	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 means	obj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 dog	punct
27	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 means	nsubj
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 bone	cc
29	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 dog	conj
30	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 means	conj
31	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 means	obj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 means	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 means	cc
34	butcher	butcher	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 hook	nmod:poss
35	's	's	PART	_	34 butcher	case
36	hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 means	nsubj
37	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 means	conj
38	look	look	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 means	obj
39	;	;	PUNCT	_	45 dropped	punct
40	often	often	ADV	_	45 dropped	advmod
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 word	det
42	rhyming	rhyme	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	43 word	amod
43	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 dropped	nsubj:pass
44	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 dropped	aux:pass
45	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 means	ccomp
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 have	punct
47	as	as	SCONJ	_	50 have	mark
48	in	in	SCONJ	_	50 have	mark
49	"	"	PUNCT	_	50 have	punct
50	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 dropped	conj
51	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	52 butcher	det
52	butcher	butcher	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 have	obj
53	's	's	PART	_	52 butcher	case
54	"	"	PUNCT	_	50 have	punct
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 swaps	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	rhyme	gerund	Cockney not said here			vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	swap	present	Cockney	a word	for a phrase	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent word=Theme for phrase=Co-Theme
3	rhyme	present	a phrase		with slang	vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with it=Co-Patient
4	mean	present	apples and pears	stairs		tree rules
5	mean	present	dog and bone	phone		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Topic
6	mean	present	butcher's hook	look		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Topic
7	rhyme	gerund				vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
8	drop	present · passive		the rhyming word	often property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
9	have in a quote	infinitive		a butcher		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent butcher=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:018-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland/10/