Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 13
Jamaican Patois, also called Jamaican Creole, grew from English mixed with West African languages; it is spoken by millions and has its own grammar; "Mi soon come" means I'll be there soon, though maybe later.
Who acts: Jamaican Patois, English, millions, Mi, I · What happens: call, grow, mix, speak, have, come · To what, where: Jamaican Patois, mix, own grammar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jamaican Patois, English, millions, Mi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jamaican | Jamaican | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Patois | amod |
| 2 | Patois | Patois | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 grew | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
| 4 | also | also | ADV | _ | 5 called | advmod |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 Patois | acl |
| 6 | Jamaican | Jamaican | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Creole | amod |
| 7 | Creole | Creole | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 called | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Patois | punct |
| 9 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 English | case |
| 11 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 grew | obl |
| 12 | mixed | mix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 English | acl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 languages | case |
| 14 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 languages | compound |
| 15 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 languages | amod |
| 16 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 mixed | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 spoken | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 spoken | aux:pass |
| 20 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 grew | parataxis |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 millions | case |
| 22 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 spoken | obl:agent |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 has | cc |
| 24 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 spoken | conj |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 grammar | nmod:poss |
| 26 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 grammar | amod |
| 27 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 has | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 means | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 Mi | punct |
| 30 | Mi | Mi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 means | nsubj |
| 31 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 come | advmod |
| 32 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 Mi | acl:relcl |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 come | punct |
| 34 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 grew | parataxis |
| 35 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 there | nsubj |
| 36 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 there | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 there | cop |
| 38 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 means | ccomp |
| 39 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 38 there | advmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 though | punct |
| 41 | though | though | ADV | _ | 34 means | advmod |
| 42 | maybe | maybe | ADV | _ | 43 later | advmod |
| 43 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 41 though | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | Jamaican Patois not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | grow | past | Jamaican Patois | from English | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from english=Patient | ||||
| 3 | mix | past | English not said here | with West African languages | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with language=Co-Patient | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | present · passive | millions | mix | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | have | present | millions not said here | mix's own grammar | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Patient | ||||
| 6 | come in a quote | present | Mi not said here | soon property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | mean | present | Mi | though property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | is | future | I | soon, there property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/13/