Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 2

Some Englishes have grown into rich systems of their own: Indian English gives us "prepone" (move earlier, the opposite of postpone), Singapore's Singlish says "Can or not?" and "Can lah!", and Jamaican Patois grew from English mixed with West African languages.

Who acts: Englishes, Indian English, Singlish, Jamaican Patois, lah · What happens: grow, give, move, say, mix · To what, where: rich systems, prepone, us, opposite · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Englishes, Indian English, Singlish, Jamaican Patois), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 Englishes	det
2	Englishes	english	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	aux
4	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 systems	case
6	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 systems	amod
7	systems	system	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 own	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 own	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 systems	nmod
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 gives	punct
12	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 English	amod
13	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 gives	nsubj
14	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	parataxis
15	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 gives	iobj
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 prepone	punct
17	prepone	prepone	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 gives	obj
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 prepone	punct
19	(	(	PUNCT	_	20 move	punct
20	move	move	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	14 gives	parataxis
21	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	20 move	advmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 opposite	punct
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 opposite	det
24	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 move	obl
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 postpone	case
26	postpone	postpone	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 opposite	nmod
27	)	)	PUNCT	_	26 postpone	punct
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 says	punct
29	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Singlish	nmod:poss
30	's	's	PART	_	29 Singapore	case
31	Singlish	Singlish	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 says	nsubj
32	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 opposite	acl:relcl
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 Can	punct
34	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 says	ccomp
35	or	or	CCONJ	_	36 not	cc
36	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	34 Can	conj
37	?	?	PUNCT	_	34 Can	punct
38	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 Can	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 mixed	cc
40	"	"	PUNCT	_	42 lah	punct
41	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	42 lah	aux
42	lah	lah	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 mixed	nsubj
43	!	!	PUNCT	_	42 lah	punct
44	"	"	PUNCT	_	42 lah	punct
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 grew	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 grew	cc
47	Jamaican	Jamaican	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 Patois	amod
48	Patois	Patois	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 grew	nsubj
49	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	42 lah	conj
50	from	from	ADP	_	51 English	case
51	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 grew	obl
52	mixed	mix	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	conj
53	with	with	ADP	_	56 languages	case
54	West	West	PROPN	Number=Sing	56 languages	compound
55	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	56 languages	amod
56	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	52 mixed	obl
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grown	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	grow	present · perfect	some Englishes			into rich systems of systems's own result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into system=Result
2	give	present	Indian English	prepone	us		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient prepone=Theme
3	move	infinitive		the opposite of postpone		early property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	say speech: assert	present	Singapore's Singlish	the opposite of postpone not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic
5	grow	past	Jamaican Patois			from English	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from english=Patient
6	mix	past	lah			with West African languages	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with language=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/2/