Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 4

None of these is "broken English"; each has its own rules, and a smart listener uses the situation to work out new words, then asks.

Who acts: None, each, smart listener, mix · What happens: be, have, use, work out, ask, rule · To what, where: broken English, own rules, situation, new words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (None, each, smart listener, mix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	None	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	7 English	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 these	case
3	these	this	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	1 None	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 English	cop
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 English	punct
6	broken	broken	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 English	amod
7	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 asks	parataxis
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 English	punct
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 has	punct
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 has	nsubj
11	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 English	parataxis
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 rules	nmod:poss
13	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 rules	amod
14	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 has	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 uses	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 uses	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 listener	det
18	smart	smart	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 listener	amod
19	listener	listener	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 uses	nsubj
20	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 has	conj
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 situation	det
22	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 uses	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 work	mark
24	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 uses	advcl
25	out	out	ADP	_	24 work	compound:prt
26	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 words	amod
27	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 work	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 None	punct
29	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	30 asks	advmod
30	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	30 asks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	None	broken English		tree rules
2	have	present	each	mix's own rules		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
3	use	present	a smart listener	the situation		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient
4	work out	to-infinitive	a smart listener not said here	new words		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic
5	ask speech: ask	present			then	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	rule		mix			nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/4/