British and American words, sentence 4
The trick is to know both words and use the one your listener knows, like a kid who speaks two kinds of English.
Who acts: listener, kid · What happens: be, know, use, speak · To what, where: trick, words, one, two kinds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «British and American words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (listener, kid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 trick | det |
| 2 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 trick | cop |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 know | mark |
| 5 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 trick | xcomp |
| 6 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 words | det |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 know | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 use | cc |
| 9 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 know | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 one | det |
| 11 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 use | obj |
| 12 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 listener | nmod:poss |
| 13 | listener | listener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 knows | nsubj |
| 14 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 one | acl:relcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 kid | punct |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 kid | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 kid | det |
| 18 | kid | kid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 use | obl |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 speaks | nsubj |
| 20 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 kid | acl:relcl |
| 21 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 kinds | nummod |
| 22 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 speaks | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 English | case |
| 24 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 kinds | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 trick | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- suggest
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the trick | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | know | to-infinitive | both words | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | use | infinitive | the one | like a kid | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | ||||
| 4 | know | present | your listener | the one not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | speak speech: other | present | a kid | two kinds of English | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:021-british-and-american-words.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/21-british-and-american-words/4/