British and American words, sentence 8
American spelling dropped the u from words like "color" and "favorite", helped by Noah Webster's dictionary of 1828; Britain kept "colour" and "favourite"; both spellings are correct in their own country.
Who acts: American spelling, Britain, spellings · What happens: drop, help, keep, be · To what, where: u, words, colour, own country
This is a sentence of the lesson «British and American words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (American spelling, Britain, spellings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 spelling | amod |
| 2 | spelling | spelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dropped | nsubj |
| 3 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 u | det |
| 5 | u | u | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dropped | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 words | case |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 dropped | obl |
| 8 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 color | case |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 color | punct |
| 10 | color | color | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 words | nmod |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 color | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 favorite | cc |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 favorite | punct |
| 14 | favorite | favorite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 color | conj |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 favorite | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 helped | punct |
| 17 | helped | help | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 favorite | conj |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 dictionary | case |
| 19 | Noah | noah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 Webster | compound |
| 20 | Webster | webster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dictionary | compound |
| 21 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 20 Webster | case |
| 22 | dictionary | dictionary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 helped | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 1828 | case |
| 24 | 1828 | 1828 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 dictionary | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 kept | punct |
| 26 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 kept | nsubj |
| 27 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 dropped | parataxis |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 colour | punct |
| 29 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 kept | obj |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 colour | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 favourite | cc |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 favourite | punct |
| 33 | favourite | favourite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 colour | conj |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 favourite | punct |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 correct | punct |
| 36 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 spellings | det |
| 37 | spellings | spelling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 correct | nsubj |
| 38 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 correct | cop |
| 39 | correct | correct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 dropped | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 country | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 country | nmod:poss |
| 42 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 country | amod |
| 43 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 correct | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 dropped | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drop | past | American spelling | the u | words like color | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent u=Theme from word=Destination | |||
| 2 | help | participle | American spelling not said here | by Webster dictionary of 1828 | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | keep | past | Britain | colour and favourite | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | present | both spellings | words's own country | correct property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:021-british-and-american-words.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/21-british-and-american-words/8/