Puns and jokes that need a pun, sentence 9
In "Time flies like an arrow", "flies" is what time does and "like" means "in the same way as"; in "Fruit flies like a banana", fruit flies are small insects and "like" means "enjoy".
Who acts: time, Fruit, fruit flies · What happens: fly, be, mean, enjoy · To what, where: small insects · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Puns and jokes that need a pun» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, Fruit, fruit flies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Time | case |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Time | punct |
| 3 | Time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 flies | obl |
| 4 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 arrow | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 arrow | det |
| 7 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 flies | obl |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 arrow | punct |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 flies | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 flies | punct |
| 11 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 arrow | appos |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 flies | punct |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 does | cop |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 16 does | obj |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 does | nsubj |
| 16 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 flies | ccomp |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 means | cc |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 like | punct |
| 19 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 21 means | discourse |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 like | punct |
| 21 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 flies | parataxis |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 means | punct |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 way | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 way | det |
| 25 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 way | amod |
| 26 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 means | obl |
| 27 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 33 flies | mark |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 flies | punct |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 flies | punct |
| 30 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 33 flies | mark |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 flies | punct |
| 32 | Fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 flies | nsubj |
| 33 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 means | conj |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 36 banana | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 banana | det |
| 36 | banana | banana | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 flies | obl |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 banana | punct |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 flies | punct |
| 39 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 flies | compound |
| 40 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 insects | nsubj |
| 41 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 insects | cop |
| 42 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 insects | amod |
| 43 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 banana | nmod |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 means | cc |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 like | punct |
| 46 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 48 means | discourse |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 like | punct |
| 48 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 insects | conj |
| 49 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 enjoy | punct |
| 50 | enjoy | enjoy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 means | ccomp |
| 51 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 enjoy | punct |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 flies | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly in a quote | present | time | like a arrow | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | time | do property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | in the same way | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | fly in a quote | present | Fruit | like a banana | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | fruit flies | small insects | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | mean | present | fruit flies not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | enjoy in a quote | infinitive | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:028-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/28-puns-and-jokes-that-need-a-pun/9/