Verbs: doing words and being words, sentence 12

"Could have" said fast sounds like "could of", but the correct written forms are "could have" or "could've"; the same goes for should have and would have.

Who acts: correct written forms, same · What happens: say, sound, write, be, go, have · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (correct written forms, same), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct
2	Could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 have	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 sounds	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct
5	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 have	acl
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 said	advmod
7	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 could	case
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 could	punct
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 sounds	obl
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	10 could	flat
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 have	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 forms	det
16	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 forms	amod
17	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 forms	amod
18	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 have	nsubj
19	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 have	cop
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
21	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 have	aux
22	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 sounds	conj
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
24	or	or	CCONJ	_	27 've	cc
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 've	punct
26	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 've	aux
27	've	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	22 have	conj
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 've	punct
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 goes	punct
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 same	det
31	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 goes	nsubj
32	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 have	conj
33	for	for	SCONJ	_	35 have	mark
34	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	35 have	aux
35	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 goes	xcomp
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 have	cc
37	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 have	aux
38	have	have	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	35 have	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 sounds	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	participle		fast property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	sound	present			vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	write	participle			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is in a quote	could · present	the correct written forms	have property	tree rules
5	go	present	the same		vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	have	should	the same not said here		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
7	have	would	the same not said here		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/12/