Verbs: doing words and being words, sentence 2
Play charades: "swimming" is guessed in two seconds, but "think" is impossible to act, because it happens inside your head; thinking, knowing and believing are still verbs, just invisible ones.
Who acts: you, it · What happens: play, guess, think, be, act, happen · To what, where: charades, swimming, head, verbs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Play | play | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | charades | charade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Play | obj |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 1 Play | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 swimming | punct |
| 5 | swimming | swimming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 guessed | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 swimming | punct |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 guessed | aux:pass |
| 8 | guessed | guess | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Play | parataxis |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 seconds | case |
| 10 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 seconds | nummod |
| 11 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 guessed | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 think | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 think | cc |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 think | punct |
| 15 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 guessed | conj |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 think | punct |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 impossible | cop |
| 18 | impossible | impossible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 think | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 act | mark |
| 20 | act | act | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 impossible | csubj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 happens | punct |
| 22 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 24 happens | mark |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 happens | nsubj |
| 24 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 think | advcl |
| 25 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 27 head | case |
| 26 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 head | nmod:poss |
| 27 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 happens | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 thinking | punct |
| 29 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 verbs | nsubj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 knowing | punct |
| 31 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 thinking | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 believing | cc |
| 33 | believing | believe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 knowing | conj |
| 34 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 verbs | cop |
| 35 | still | still | ADV | _ | 36 verbs | advmod |
| 36 | verbs | verb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 think | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 ones | punct |
| 38 | just | just | ADV | _ | 40 ones | advmod |
| 39 | invisible | invisible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 ones | amod |
| 40 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 verbs | appos |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Play | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | play | imperative | you not said here | charades | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charade=Theme | ||||
| 2 | guess | present · passive | swimming | second | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other in a quote | infinitive | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is | present | impossible property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | act | to-infinitive | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | happen | present | it | your head | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside head=Location | ||||
| 7 | think speech: other | gerund | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | know | gerund | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 9 | believe | gerund | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 10 | is a | present | verbs | still | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:003-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/2/