Texting, abbreviations and emoji, sentence 13

Some studies, including research in Britain, found that children who used text abbreviations were not worse at spelling, and some were better; scientists still argue about it.

Who acts: studies, children, some, scientists · What happens: find, use, not be, be, argue · To what, where: text abbreviations, spelling · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (studies, children, some, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 studies	det
2	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 found	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 found	punct
4	including	include	ADP	_	5 research	case
5	research	research	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 found	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Britain	case
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 research	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 research	punct
9	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 worse	mark
11	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 worse	nsubj
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 used	nsubj
13	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 children	acl:relcl
14	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 abbreviations	compound
15	abbreviations	abbreviation	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 used	obj
16	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 worse	cop
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 worse	advmod
18	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 found	ccomp
19	at	at	ADP	_	20 spelling	case
20	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 worse	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 better	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 better	cc
23	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	25 better	nsubj
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 better	cop
25	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	18 worse	conj
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 worse	punct
27	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 argue	nsubj
28	still	still	ADV	_	29 argue	advmod
29	argue	argue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 found	conj
30	about	about	ADP	_	31 it	case
31	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 argue	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 found	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	some studies				include research in Britain	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	use	past	children	text abbreviations				vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abbreviation=Patient
3	not is	past	children		spelling		bad property	tree rules
4	is	past	some				good property	tree rules
5	argue speech: disagree	infinitive	scientists			still	about spelling	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about it=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/13/