Sign language, sentence 1
At a club Lily watches Sam, a Deaf boy, sign to his mum so fast her eyes can't keep up; it isn't English spelled on the hands, it's British Sign Language, a different language altogether.
Who acts: Lily, Sam, eyes, club · What happens: watch, sign, not keep up, not be, spell, be · To what, where: Sam, club, mum, hands, British Sign Language
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sign language» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lily, Sam, eyes, club), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 club | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 club | det |
| 3 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 watches | obl |
| 4 | Lily | Lily | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 watches | nsubj |
| 5 | watches | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | Sam | Sam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 watches | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 watches | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 boy | det |
| 9 | Deaf | deaf | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 boy | amod |
| 10 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Sam | appos |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sign | punct |
| 12 | sign | sign | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 watches | xcomp |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 mum | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 mum | nmod:poss |
| 15 | mum | mum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sign | obl |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 fast | advmod |
| 17 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 sign | advmod |
| 18 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 19 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 keep | nsubj |
| 20 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 keep | aux |
| 21 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 keep | advmod |
| 22 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 fast | advcl |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 keep | compound:prt |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 English | punct |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 English | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 English | cop |
| 27 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 English | advmod |
| 28 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 watches | conj |
| 29 | spelled | spell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 English | advcl |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 hands | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 hands | det |
| 32 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 spelled | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Language | punct |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 Language | nsubj |
| 35 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 Language | cop |
| 36 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Language | amod |
| 37 | Sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Language | compound |
| 38 | Language | language | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 English | parataxis |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 language | punct |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 language | det |
| 41 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 language | amod |
| 42 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Language | appos |
| 43 | altogether | altogether | ADV | _ | 42 language | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 watches | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | present | Lily | Sam | a club | tree rules | |||
| 2 | sign | infinitive | Sam not said here | Lily's mum | fast property | vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to mum=Recipient | |||
| 3 | not keep up | can | Sam's eyes | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | not is | present | club | english property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | spell | participle | club not said here | the hands | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on hand=Destination | ||||
| 6 | is a | present | club | British Sign Language | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:032-sign-language.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/32-sign-language/1/