Sign language, sentence 9
In sign languages, facial expressions are part of the grammar: raised eyebrows can turn a sentence into a yes/no question.
Who acts: facial expressions, raised eyebrows · What happens: be, raise, turn · To what, where: part, sign languages, sentence, yes/no question
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sign language» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (facial expressions, raised eyebrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 languages | case |
| 2 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 languages | compound |
| 3 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 part | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 languages | punct |
| 5 | facial | facial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 expressions | amod |
| 6 | expressions | expression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 part | nsubj |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 part | cop |
| 8 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 grammar | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 grammar | det |
| 11 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 part | nmod |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 turn | punct |
| 13 | raised | raise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 eyebrows | amod |
| 14 | eyebrows | eyebrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 turn | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 turn | aux |
| 16 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 part | parataxis |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 sentence | det |
| 18 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 turn | obj |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 question | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 question | det |
| 21 | yes/no | yes/no | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 question | compound |
| 22 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 turn | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 part | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | facial expressions | part | sign languages | of the grammar | tree rules | ||
| 2 | raise | participle | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | turn | can | raised eyebrows | a sentence | a yes/no question | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sentence=Theme into question=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:032-sign-language.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/32-sign-language/9/