Building words: prefixes, suffixes and compounds, sentence 1
Ruby's teacher writes "unhappiness" on the board; Ruby spots three carriages: "un-" (not), "happy" (the root, with its y turned to i) and "-ness" (which turns it into a naming word).
Who acts: teacher, Ruby, y · What happens: write, spot, turn · To what, where: unhappiness, board, three carriages, root, i, ness
This is a sentence of the lesson «Building words: prefixes, suffixes and compounds» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teacher, Ruby, y), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ruby | Ruby | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 teacher | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Ruby | case |
| 3 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 writes | nsubj |
| 4 | writes | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 unhappiness | punct |
| 6 | unhappiness | unhappiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 writes | obj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 unhappiness | punct |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 board | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 board | det |
| 10 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 writes | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 spots | punct |
| 12 | Ruby | ruby | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 spots | nsubj |
| 13 | spots | spot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 writes | parataxis |
| 14 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 carriages | nummod |
| 15 | carriages | carriage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 spots | obj |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 happy | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 un | punct |
| 18 | un | un | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 carriages | appos |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 un | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 un | punct |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 not | punct |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 un | advmod |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 not | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 happy | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 happy | punct |
| 26 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 carriages | appos |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 happy | punct |
| 28 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 root | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 root | det |
| 30 | root | root | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 happy | appos |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 turned | punct |
| 32 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 35 turned | mark |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 y | nmod:poss |
| 34 | y | y | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 turned | nsubj |
| 35 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 root | acl:relcl |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 i | case |
| 37 | i | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 turned | obl |
| 38 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 turned | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 turns | cc |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 ness | punct |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 ness | punct |
| 42 | ness | ness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 turns | obl |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 ness | punct |
| 44 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 46 turns | punct |
| 45 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 turns | nsubj |
| 46 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 turned | conj |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 turns | obj |
| 48 | into | into | ADP | _ | 51 word | case |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 word | det |
| 50 | naming | naming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 word | compound |
| 51 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 turns | obl |
| 52 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 46 turns | punct |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 writes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | present | Ruby's teacher | unhappiness | the board | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent unhappiness=Theme on board=Destination | |||
| 2 | spot | present | Ruby | three carriages | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent carriage=Destination | ||||
| 3 | turn | participle | teacher's y | the root not said here | i | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent root=Theme to i=Result | |||
| 4 | turn | present | ness | a naming word | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into word=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:037-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/37-building-words-prefixes-suffixes-and-compounds/1/