Words that changed their meaning, sentence 6
"Silly" comes from Old English "sælig", meaning blessed or happy; it later meant innocent, and then foolish.
Who acts: Silly, Old English sælig · What happens: come, mean · To what, where: Old English sælig
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Silly, Old English sælig), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Silly | punct |
| 2 | Silly | silly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 comes | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Silly | punct |
| 4 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 sælig | case |
| 6 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sælig | amod |
| 7 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 sælig | compound |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 sælig | punct |
| 9 | sælig | sælig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 comes | obl |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 sælig | punct |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 meaning | punct |
| 12 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 sælig | acl |
| 13 | blessed | blessed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 meaning | xcomp |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 happy | cc |
| 15 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 blessed | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 meant | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 meant | nsubj |
| 18 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 19 meant | advmod |
| 19 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 comes | parataxis |
| 20 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 meant | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 foolish | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 foolish | cc |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 foolish | advmod |
| 24 | foolish | foolish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 meant | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 comes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present | Silly | Old English sælig | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sælig=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | mean | gerund | Old English sælig not said here | blessed property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | mean | past | silly | innocent, late property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:038-words-that-changed-their-meaning.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/6/